Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) have long been used in fire safety equipment, particularly in AFFF (Aqueous Film Forming Foam) and additive enhanced extinguishers.
PFAS’s durability and versatility in fighting fire, and in particular flammable liquid fire, was long considered the gold standard in aviation, petrochemical and Military applications.
These substances, often referred to as C6 or C8 compounds, are known as ‘forever chemicals’ due to their persistence in the environment and their association with significant health risks.
In response to growing concerns, regulatory authorities across the UK, EU, and US are implementing measures to restrict and eventually phase out the use of PFAS substances and certain additive enhanced fire extinguishers.
Regulatory developments
Prior to 2017, the majority of foam and additive-enhanced extinguishers contained C8 PFOS or PFOA compounds. These substances are now banned in the UK and considered non-compliant with current regulations.
Any extinguishers identified as containing these C8 chemicals should have been removed from buildings by July 2025. Any recent refilling of identified C8 extinguishers, even with a fluorine free additive, will not make them compliant as trace elements of the original C8 banned chemical may remain, after refill, and performance ratings may have been compromised. These extinguishers should be removed and replaced.
Following the ban, manufacturers transitioned to C6 PFAS formulations in both AFFF and additive-enhanced extinguishers.
In Early 2020 the EU chemicals strategy explicitly targeted all PFAS (including C6) for phase out. Subsequently, restrictions on the manufacture, supply and installation of C6 products in fire fighting foam, within the European Union, will begin to take effect from 2026, with similar measures expected in the UK in the coming years.
In the UK, DEFRA/UK REACH, currently have a nationwide public consultation underway focussing on PFAS and C6 products. Current understanding is that the process will likely mirror much of the EU recommendations and that full bans of PFAS C6, for certain sectors, are anticipated to take effect around 2030 or 2031.
What this means for businesses
Although C6-based extinguishers are still permitted in the UK, it is inevitable their use will be phased out over time. Businesses should begin preparing for this transition to ensure continued compliance and safety.
The recommended long-term solution is to adopt PFAS-free or fluorine-free extinguishers. However, it is important to recognise that not all fluorine-free alternatives offer the same performance ratings as traditional AFFF products.
Any removal or replacement strategy must be carefully planned to avoid compromising fire safety standards.
Additionally, the disposal of PFAS-containing extinguishers must be handled through specialist channels, such as high-temperature incineration, to ensure environmental safety and regulatory compliance.
Responsibilities and best practices
We recommend that organisations should take a proactive approach by conducting a thorough audit of all fire extinguishers currently in use. Any units suspected of containing PFOS or PFOA, particularly those installed prior to 2015, should be investigated and removed.
It is advisable to establish a documented management plan that outlines the storage, usage, and disposal procedures for extinguishers. Businesses should also remain informed about regulatory updates and maintain regular communication with their fire safety providers.
Engaging with industry specialists is essential to ensure a smooth transition, avoid supply shortages, and mitigate any risks to compliance or safety.
Compliant vs non-compliant at a glance
❌ Non-compliant: Any PFOS/PFOA containing extinguishers (pre-2015).
⚠️ Transitional: C6 AFFF and certain additive enhanced extinguishers (post 2017), which are currently legal and compliant but under review.
✅ Compliant and best practice: Fluorine-free products.
How JLA can assist
JLA is committed to helping businesses across the UK navigate the evolving regulatory landscape surrounding PFAS. We monitor legislative developments to ensure our customers remain compliant and provide expert guidance on suitable alternatives that uphold fire safety standards.
Our team manages the safe and documented disposal of restricted extinguishers and foams, and we offer tailored transition plans designed to provide clarity, confidence, and full regulatory compliance.
Compliance Update: AFFF foam fire extinguishers
- A full clarification of which extinguishers are banned.
- Evaluating the future of C6 extinguishers.
- The reasons why certain extinguishers have ben removed in the UK.
- How you can keep compliant with your fire extinguishers.
For more expert insights, visit the JLA Knowledge Hub.
Similar articles you may like
Why data is now key to fire safety compliance
